Railway truck



G. F. COUCH RAILWAY TRUCK May 27, 1947.

Filed March 12, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l v 6. F. COUCH RAILWAY TRUCK May27, 1947,

Filed March 12; 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 27, 1947 RAILWAYTRUCK Glenn F. Couch, Rochester N. Y., assignor to The Symington-GouldCorporation, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of Maryland ApplicationMarch 12, 1941, Serial No. 383,023

32 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a railway truck and more particularly to arigid or controlled type thereof.

An object of the invention is the provision, in a railway truck, of aside frame supporting a bolster structure through the medium of a groupor nest of springs and an arrangement and association of parts capableof snubbing or dampening harmonic or synchronous vibrations of thesprings which would be, in the absence of the parts, otherwise created.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in a railway truck, anassociation of means adapted to cushion the expansive movement or recoilof the bolster supporting springs while permitting a relatively freecompressive movement thereof.

A further object of the invention is the provision, in a railway truck,of a bolster structure so constructed and arranged with associated meansthat the bolster structure and related side frames remainperpendicularly disposed relative to one another.

The above as well as numerous other objects will become apparent fromthe succeeding description considered together with the accompanyingdrawings which, in the several views, disclose a species of theinvention and wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a railway truck with no attemptmade to illustrate any particular form of construction or association ofparts embodying the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of a portion of a railway truck exemplifying thepresent invention and being illustrated partially in elevation andpartially in vertical section.

Figure 3 is a partial plan and partial horizontal sectional view of thearrangement shown in Figure 2 and taken along the lines 3-3 of Figure 2,looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken along the lines 44of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 5 is a horizontal cross sectional view taken along the lines 55of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring now in detail to the drawings, wherein like referencecharacters designate like parts, the numeral I is employed to indicate,in a general manner, a railway truck having two transversely spaced sideframes 2 which are vertically disposed and extend in a longitudinaldirection. The side frames are connected or joined by a load carryingmember or bolster structure 3 extending thereof. Since both side framesof the railway truck are of identical construction in every detail, thesucceeding description will be limited to a single side frame exceptwhereby it is desired to illustrate the particular relationship orassociation of the side frames. The side frame comprises a lower ortension member 4 and an upper or compression member 5 spaced verticallyand joined intermediate their ends by longitudinally spaced, verticallyextending, guide columns 6 to define a window or bolster opening 1therebetween.

Each guide column is desirably channel shape in horizontal cross sectionwhich, for a portion of the length thereof, opens inwardly toward thewindow opening, and the remaining portion opens away from the bolsteropening for a definite purpose to be hereinafter set forth.Specifically, each guide column comprises a vertically directed web 8merging at its extremities into the compression and tension members andhaving, for the major portion of its upper half, inwardly directed,transversely spaced, inner and outer flanges 9 and 9, respectively,restricting the bolster opening and, while they are joined to thecompression member, they terminate short of the tension member to permitthe webs to define the longitudinal limits of the lower portion of thewindow opening. Each column flange is provided, adjacent its freeextremity, with a supplemental or complementary flange Ill, L-shaped inconfiguration when viewed from the side as in Figure 2, to have avertical leg or portion ll thereof presenting an appreciable openingdefining or bolster bearing surface I 2 and a horizontal leg or portionI3 extending across the column flange to reinforce or stiffen the loweror free extremity thereof. The lower portion of the column web hasauxiliary, transversely spaced, gusset-shaped flanges I4 directed awayfrom the window opening to merge with the tension member and the flanges9 and 9 to function as braces reinforcing the guide column-tensionmember connection.

The load carrying member or bolster 3 has an extremity I5 thereofpositioned in the upper portion of the window opening and desirablycomprises vertically spaced top and bottom walls is and It respectively,joined adjacent their extremities by horizontally spaced, verticallydisposed, side walls to form a rigid, box-like end structure. Interposedbetween the bolster bottom wall It and the tension member is a group ornest of helical or coil springs 18 functioning transversely of the truckintermediate the ends as a resilient support for the bolster. Thebolster is desirably of the guide-lugless type; that is to say, the mostusual guide column engaging lugs are absent from the instant bolsterstructure. The lugs referred to are, when associated with a bolsterextremity or formed integrally with the side walls of the bolster, instraddling or overlying spaced relation to the guide columns andfunction as a means to limit while permitting a predetermined transversemovement of the bolster relative to the side frames or a loose interlockbetween the bolster and side frames. Such a structure cannot beconsidered a rigid truck since one side frame thereof, during service,is free to assume a position out of transverse alignment with therelated side frame.

A locking and controlling means has been associated with the bolster andside frame so as to maintain a pair of side frames in tranversealignment and cushion or dampen the oscillations or vibrations of thehelical springs in the group 18. As the railway truck progresses alongthe right of way, the wheels l of the truck pass over rail joints,irregularities in the rails, switches and the like (not shown) to impartimpulses to the truck. Especially when the wheels pass over rail jointsor contiguous rail extremitie these impulses are transmitted to thetruck longitudinally thereof because of the delivering rail extremity,due to the superimposed load, being lower or out of horizontal alignmentwith the receiving rail extremity. These longitudinal thrusts, whenimparted to one side of a truck, tend to urge the side frame on thatside of the truck rearwardly from the direction of progress or out ofalignment with the side frame on the opposite side of the truck. Also asthe bolster supporting springs are all of the helical or coil type andof the same size, they have a substantially uniform period of vibration,and at certain speeds of the truck the impulses above mentioned, ifappearing at fixed or periodic intervals, will synchronize with theoscillations of the springs tending to force the springs solid upon acompressive movement thereof and expand them beyond their normal heightupon recoil thereof. If such a spring action were permitted it wouldresult in damage to the springs themselves as well as to the truck,superimposed car body and the lading within the car body.

An arrangement of parts, therefore, has been incorporated in the presentstructure to maintain the side frames in alignment and dampen, retard,check or snub vibrations of the bolster supporting springs set up inservice. As an exemplification of the arrangement of parts for theaccomplishment of the above there is provided, outstanding from eachbolster side wall in the vertical plane of the side frame, an arm orfriction shoe ll formed integral with and of lesser height than theassociated side wall and extending into the adjacent guide columnbetween the flanges 9 and li thereof to terminate short of the relatedcolumn webs. The arms are of such height that during the assembly of thetruck a bolster extremity may, in the absence of the group of springs,be inserted into the lower area of the window opening below the flanges9 and 9 until the arms lie between the extended plane of the overlyingflanges at which time the bolster may then be raised to a positionslightly above that illustrated. The group of springs may then beinserted in the window opening and the bolster lowered to be supportedthereby.

The inner portions of the column flanges 9 and 9 are recessed to formpockets [9 facing inwardly of the columns to accommodate bearing platessecured therein by any approved means, such as the countersunk rivets 23and arranged to relieve the column flanges of wear during service. Thebearing plates 26 present inboard and outboard friction surfaces. Eachbolster shoe has a vertically and longitudinally extending surface 2!facing inwardly of the truck to which is maintained, in constantrelation therewith, a vertically extending wear plate 22 in intimatecontact and frictional engagement with the wear plate of the relatedcolumn inner flange 9. Any vertical movement, therefore, of the bolsterextremit will result in frictional forces being created on thecontacting surfaces of the wear plates 2E and 22 to snub or control theaction of the group of bolster supporting springs. Since the shoes areformed integral with the bolster side walls and they react inwardly ofthe truck against the column inner flanges, it will be noted that theshoes form squaring arms and. the arrangement prevents or restricts ahorizontal angling movement of the bolster relative to the side framesto form a rigid truck so that at all times the bolster remains in apredetermined perpendicular position relative to the side frames and theside frames are retained in perfect transverse alignment.

Included in the arrangement of parts are movable members or wedges 23interposed between the outer column flanges 9 and the bolster shoes andthe bolster side walls and column webs. Each wedge is provided with alongitudinally disposed tapered surface 24 inclined upwardly andinwardly of the truck to bear against a correspondingly inclinedsurface25 on the bolster shoe. Oppositely disposed from the inclinedsurface 2 on each wedge is a plane, vertically disposed, surface 26substantially parallel with the vertical surface on the shoe Wear plateand in bearing relation and frictional contact with a correspond inglydisposed surface on the outer flange wear plate. The movable members arein wedging relation with the column outer flanges and bolster shoes sothat frictional forces are created on the column flange wear plates andtheir juxtapositioned surfaces upon a vertical movement of the bolster.By reason of this arrangement the bolster shoes are also prevented frommoving transversely of the truck in a pivotal bolster action. Theinclined surfaces are so arranged that a relatively free unrestricteddownward movement of the bolster or compressive action of the support--ing springs is permitted while the upward movement of the bolster orrecoil action of the supporting springs is snubbed or checked. As willbe noted by referring particularly to Figure 5 of the drawings, thebolster shoes will move downwardly in a direction away from the wedgesduring a deflection of the springs l8 so that substantially a smalldegree of frictional forces is developed to retard such a spring action.However, during a reverse action of the springs the bolster shoes willmove toward the wedges, and b reason of the tapering contacting surfaces2& and 25 the Wedges and shoes will be urged into tighter engagementwith the wear plates of the column flanges 9 and 9, respectively, tocheck this spring movement. Accordingly, as the truck of the disclosedstructure progresses along rail and passes over a rail joint or thelike, vertical impulses will be transmitted to the side frame causing asubstantially unobstructed compressive movement of the springs whichwill be relatively free to absorb the blow, and upon an expansivemovement of the springs the shoes and wedges will be urged into greaterfrictional engagement with the guide column wear plates to disturb thespring vibrations and overcome any tendency for the oscillations of thesprings to synchronize with the external impulses.

The surfaces 24 and 25 are formed convex and concave, respectively, inhorizontal cross section. Since these surfaces are arcuate or coaxial,relative movement therebetween longitudinally of the truck is prevented,and any tendency of the bol- -ster extremity to move longitudinally ofthe truck will be resisted by frictional forces created on the columnflange wear plates and related surfaces of the shoe wear plates andWedges until this longitudinal bolster movement will be definitelyarrested by the inwardly facing, window opening defining surfaces 12contacting the associated bolster side wall.

A flexible means is provided in the structure to retain the shoes andwedges in their proper relationship, and as exemplary of such a meanseach wedge is preferably of skeletonized form to present an upwardlyfacing pocket or receptacle so as to house or retain in position a coilspring 21 having its lower extremity bearing on a transverse orhorizontal seat 28 in the wedge intermediate the height thereof. A cap29, spaced vertically from the wedges, is mounted upon the upperextremity of each wedge spring. An apertured shelf or ledge 30, spacedbelow each wedge, forms an integral horizontal and longitudinalextension of the bolster bottom wall l6 and merges with the lowerextremity of each bolster shoe. As is well known, a plurality of helicalor coil springs formed of the same size wires or rods, of the same freeheight and having the identical number of turns will vary as to theircapacity. Accordingly, so that the degree of frictional forces at thre-' spective sides of a window opening may be equalized and ensure atrue vertical movement of the bolster, there is provided a verticallydisposed tie means of any nature, such as the disclosed bolt 3| whichextends through each apertured shelf and the related wedge, spring andcap. Threaded on the free extremity of each bolt is a rotatable means ornut 32 which may be selectively manipulated to compress the spring 2'!and determine the transverse pressure or spreading action of the shoesand wedges as well as the degree of frictional forces created on thecontacting or juxtapositioned surfaces of the shoes and wedges and theguide column wear plates. These frictional forces can, therefore, beequalized at either side of the window opening and varied as desiredmerely by increasing or decreasing the effective length of the bolts 3!.shelves have depending therefrom lips or shoulders 33 positionedadjacent an associated head 34 of the bolt to prevent the bolt fromturning during service to alter or change the effective length thereof.

As will be clearly understood, various changes and alterations may bemade to th illustrated and described structure without departing fromwithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns having transverse webs and longitudinal flanges upstandingfrom a tension member and defining a window opening therebetween, thecombination of a bolster extending into said window opening, springmeans positioned between said tension member and bolster, shoe meansintegral with said bolster outstanding therefrom longitudinally The ofsaid truck and in bearing relation with a flange of an associated guidecolumn, wedge means interposed between each sho means and another flangeof an associated guide column, and spring means reacting against saidwedge means for urging the latter toward said shoe means.

2. In a railway truck of a type having a pair of side frames eachcomprising spaced guide columns having transverse webs and longitudinalflanges upstanding from a tension member and defining a window openingtherebetween, the combination of a bolster structure having an extremityextending .into each of said openings, integral means outstanding fromeach bolster extremity longitudinally of said truck and positioned inassociated guide columns, means positioned in each guide column inintimate .contact therewith and with said associated integral means forfrictionally engaging a flange of said guide column, said integral meansreacting constantly against flanges of said guide columns formaintaining said side frames in transverse alignment.

'3. In a railway truck of a type having .a pair of transversely spacedside frames each comprising spaced guide columns having transverse 'websand longitudinal flanges upstanding from a tension member and defining awindow opening therebetween, the combination of a bolster structurehaving an extremity extending into each of said openings, meansoutstanding from each bolster extremity longitudinally of said truck andpositioned in accommodating guide columns, and movable means positionedin each guide column in intimate contact therewith and with saidoutstanding means, said outstanding means being in constant intimatecontact with said guide column flanges for maintaining said side framesin transverse alignment.

4. In a railway truck of a type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of vertically acting springs seated onsaid tension member, the combination of a bolster structure having anextremity extending into said opening and supported by said'nest ofsprings, means outstanding from said bolster extremity and extendinginto said guide columns to be in constant frictional engagementtherewith, and movable means positioned in said guide columns inintimate contact with said outstanding means and in frictionalengagement with said guide columns, said movable and outstanding meansbeing arranged and constructed so as to cushion the action of saidsprings to a greater degree when said springs are acting in onedirection than in the other direction.

5. In a railway truck of a type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of vertically acting springs seated on.said tension member, the combination of a bolster structure having anextremity extending into said opening and supported by said nest ofsprings, means outstanding from said bolster extremity and extendinginto said guide columns, and movable means positioned in said guidecolumns in intimate contact with said outstanding means, said movableand outstanding means being arranged and constructed so as tofrictionally engage said guide columns and cushion the action of saidsprings to a greater degree when said springs are acting in onedirection than in the other direction.

6. In a railway truck of thetypehaving a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a group of helical springs seated on saidtension member, the combination of a bolster seated on said spring groupand extending into said window opening, said bolster having integralmeans positioned in said guide columns, and means in said guide columnsand mounted upon said integral means, said last named means and integralmeans being arranged to frictionally engage said guide columns to snubthe action of said group of helical springs.

7. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a Windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster structure seated on said springnest and extending into said window opening, said bolster structurehaving means outstanding therefrom and positioned in said guide columnsoutwardly of said nest of springs, movable means in said guide columnsassociated with said outstanding means, and spring means arranged tourge said movable means against said outstanding means, said movable andoutstanding means being in frictional engagement with said guide columnsso as to cushion the action of said nest of coil springs.

8. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster mounted on said spring nest andextending into said window opening, said bolster having integral shoesextending into said guide columns, wedges movable with respect to saidshoes positioned in said guide columns and in bearing relation with saidshoes, and means connecting said shoes and wedges, said shoes and wedgesbeing arranged to react transversely of said truck to frictionallyengage said guide columns and thereby dampen the oscillations of saidcoil springs.

9. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster mounted on said spring nest andhaving oppositely directed shoes outstanding therefrom, said shoes beingpositioned in said guide columns, wedges positioned in said guidecolumns and in bearing relationwith said shoes,

seated on said tension member, the combination of a bolster extremitymounted on said spring nest and having means immovable with respectthereto extending into said guide columns, movable means associated withsaid first named means, and flexible means connecting said movable andfirst named means, said movable and first named means reactingtransversely of said truck and being so arranged and constructed as tomaintain said bolster and side frame at all times in squared relation.

11. In a lugless bolster extremity having side walls, integral shoesoutstanding from said side walls, vertical surfaces on said shoesadapted to react longitudinally of said bolster against guide columns ofan associated side frame, and inclined surfaces on said shoes angularlydisposed relative to said vertical surfaces and adapted to reactlongitudinally of said bolster against a means interposed between saidshoes and guide columns.

12. In a railway truck of the type having a.

side frame comprisin spaced guide columns upstanding from a tensionmember to define a window opening therebetween and a nest of coilsprings seated on said tension member, the combination of a bolstermounted on said spring nest and having oppositely directed shoesoutstanding therefrom, said shoes being positioned in said guidecolumns, wear plates on said shoes in engagement with wear plates onflanges of said guide columns, wedges interposed between said shoes andother flanges of said guide columns, and flexible means connecting saidwedges and shoes, said wedges and shoes being arranged and constructedto snub the recoil of said springs.

13. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster mounted on said spring nest andhaving oppositely directed shoes outstanding therefrom, said shoes beingpositioned in said guide columns, wear plates on said shoes inengagement with wear plates on flanges of said guide columns, wedgesinterposed between said shoes and other flanges of said guide columns,spring means housed in said wedges, and means connecting said springsand shoes for maintaining said wedges in bearing relation with saidshoes and guide columns.

14. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster mounted on said spring nest andhaving oppositely directed shoes outstanding therefrom, said shoes beingpositioned in said guide columns and reacting against flanges of saidguide columns, wedges interposed between said shoes and other flanges ofsaid guide columns, flexible means connecting said shoes and wedges, andarcuate contacting surfaces on said wedges and shoes to prevent amovement therebetween longitudinally of said truck.

15. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of a bolster mounted on said spring nest andhaving oppositely directed shoes outstanding therefrom, said shoes beingpositioned in said guide columns and reactin against flanges thereoftransversely of said truck, wedges interposed between said shoes andother flanges of said guide columns, ledges outstanding from said shoes,sprin means housed by said wedges, and means extending between saidspring means and ledges for maintaining said spring means under apredetermined compression.

16. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a wedges, meansoutstanding from said bolster below said wedges, and adjustable meansconnecting said outstanding means and resilient means for maintainingthe latter under a predetermined compression. 1

17. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member t0 definea window openingtherebetween and a nest of coil springs seated on said tension member,the

combination of a bolster mounted on said spring- 18. In a railway cartruck, a side frame havingspaced columns and an intervening bolsteropening, a bolster resiliently supported within said opening, inboardand outboard friction surfaces within each column, and friction meansassociated with each column and comprising a wedge element verticallymovable with the bolster and disposed between the spaced frictionsurfaces within said column, another wedge element in frictionalengagement with one of said surfaces and in complementary wedgeengagement with the first-mentioned element, resilient means undercompression and spaced from. one of said elements and seated against theother thereof, a rigid member extending through the lastmentionedelement and through said resilient means and carrying abutment meanstherefor, and a connection between said rigid member and the wedgeelement remote from said resilient means. 1

19. In a railway car truck, a side frame having spaced columns and anintervening bolster opening, a bolster resiliently supported within saidopening, and a friction device associated wit each of said columns andcomprising inboard and outboard friction surfaces therein, a wedgeelement associated with the bolster and vertically movable therewith,said element being disposed intermediate said surfaces, another elementin frictional engagement with one of said surfaces and in wedgeengagement with said first-mentioned element, resilient means compressedagainst one of said elements and spaced from the other thereof, andmeans for transmittin reaction of said resilient means to thelast-mentioned of said elements.

20. In a railway car truck, a side frame having spaced columns and anintervening bolster opening, a bolster resiliently supported in saidopening, and friction means comprising a friction surface on said frame,a wedge surface vertically movable with said bolster, a friction shoeengaging said wedge and friction surfaces, 2, spring plate verticallymovable with said bolster, compressed resilient means engaging saidspring plate 10 and urging said friction shoe against said wedge andfriction surfaces, and a bolt and nut assembly connected to said springplate for holding said resilient means under compression, said resilientmeans being sleeved over said bolt and nut assembly intermediate theends thereof.

21. In a railway car truck, a side frame having spaced columns and anintervening bolster opening, a bolster resiliently supported in saidopening, inner and outer friction surfaces disposed within said columns,means integral with said .bolster and extending into said columns, saidmeans being arranged to contact one of said friction surfaces, movablemeans within said columns arranged to contact the other of said frictionsurfaces, and mean including resilient means for urging said integralmeans and movable means against said column friction surfaces.

22. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstandin from a tension member to define a window openingtherebetween and a nest of springs seated on said tension member, thecombination of, a bolster mounted on said spring nest and havingoppositely directed shoes outstanding therefrom, said shoes beingpositioned in said guide columns and reacting transversely of said truckagainst flanges of said guide columns, wedge means interposed betweensaid shoes and other flanges of said guide columns, ledges outstandingfrom said shoes, spring means acting against said wedges and adjustablemeans connecting said spring means and ledges for maintaining saidspring means under a predetermined compression.

23. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a group of springs seated on said tensionmember, the combination of, a bolster seated on said spring group andeX- tending into said window opening, said bolster having integral meanspositioned in said guide columns, and means in said guide columns andassociated with said integral means, said last named means and integralmeans being arranged to frictionally engage said guide columns to snuthe action of said group of springs.

24. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spaceduide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a window openingtherebetween and a group of springs mounted on said tension member, thecombination of, abolster structure bearing upon .said spring group andextending into said window opening, said bolster structure havingintegral means positioned in said guide columns, movable means in saidguide columns and associated with said integral means; both of saidmeans being arranged to frictionally engage said guide columns to snubthe action of said group of springs, and resilient means movable withsaid bolstenfor urging said movable means against said integral means.

25. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedguide columns upstanding from a tension member to define a windowopening therebetween and a group of springs mounted on said tensionmember, the combination of, a bolster structure bearing upon said springgroup and extendin into said window opening, said bolster structurehaving integral means positioned in said guide columns, movable means insaid guide columns and associated with said integral means; both of saidmeans being arranged to frictionally engage said guide columns to snubthe action of said group of springs,

resilient means movable with said bolster for urging said movable meansagainst said integral means, and means connecting said resilient meansand bolster.

26. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedcolumns to define a window therebetween and a nest of springs carried bysaid side frame within said window and supporting a bolster, thecombination of, friction means comprising a friction surface on saidframe, means carrying a wedge surface vertically movable with saidbolster, a friction shoe engaging said wedge and friction surfaces, anabutment surface vertically movable with said bolster, resilient meansacting against said abutment surface for urging said friction shoeagainst said wedge and friction surfaces, and bolt means associated withsaid abutment surface for holding said resilient means undercompression.

27. In a railway truck of the type having a side frame comprising spacedcolumns to define a window therebetween and a nest of springs carried bysaid side frame within said window and supporting a bolster, thecombination of, friction means comprising a friction surface on saidframe, means extending into said columns and carrying an inclinedsurface vertically movable with said bolster, a friction shoe engagingsaid inclined and friction surfaces, an abutment surface verticallymovable with said bolster, a coil spring acting against said abutmentsurface for urging said friction shoe against said inclined and frictionsurfaces, and bolt means extending through said resilient means andinclined surface carrying means for holding said resilient means undercompression.

28. In a. railway truck of the type having a side frame comprisingspaced columns to define a window therebetween and a nest of springscarried by said side frame within said window and supporting a bolster,the combination of, friction means comprising inboard and outboardfriction surfaces on a column of said side frame, means carrying asurface engaging said inboard friction surface and an inclined surface,said means being movable vertically with said bolster, movable meansengaging said inclined and outboard surfaces, an abutment surfacevertically movable with said bolster, a coil spring reacting againstsaid abutment surface for urging said movable means against saidinclined and outboard surfaces, and bolt means connecting a meanscarrying said abutment surface and said inclined surface carrying meansfor holding said abutment surface against said coil spring.

29. A friction means for use in a railway truck comprising spaced walls,one of said walls having a plane vertically disposed surface and theother of said walls having a vertically inclined cylindrical surfaceangularly disposed relative to said plane surface, and seat meansinterposed between said surfaces.

30. In a bolster extremity having side walls, integral shoes outstandingfrom said side walls, vertical surfaces on said shoes adapted to reactlongitudinally of said bolster against guide columns of an associatedside frame, and inclined surfaces on said shoes angularly disposedrelative to said vertical surfaces and adapted to react longitudinallyof said bolster in an opposite direction from the reaction of saidvertical surfaces.

31. In a bolster, the combination of, horizontally spaced side wallsarranged to fit between columns of a side frame, means outstanding fromeach side wall, a plane vertical surface on each means arranged tocontact constantly an associated surface of said columns, and aninclined surface on each means facing oppositely and away from saidplane vertical surface.

32. In a bolster, the combination of, horizontally spaced side wallsarranged to fit between columns of a side frame, means integral with andoutstanding from each side wall, a plane vertical surface on each meansarranged to contact constantly an inboard surface of said columns, andan inclined surface on each integral means extending downwardly andtoward an associated end of said bolster, said inclined surfaces facingaway from said plane surfaces.

GLENN F. COUCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,894,385 Webb Jan. 17, 19331,894,386 Webb Jan. 17, 1933 818,642 Price Apr. 24, 1906 2,053,989Goodwin Sept. 8, 1936 2,118,006 Couch May 17, 1938 2,283,332 Light May19, 1942 2,141,767 Camp Dec. 27, 1933

